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Introduction – Portugal’s Oil Market: A Quantitative Overview When it comes to oil, Portugal might not be the first country that comes to mind. It doesn’t sit on vast reserves like some Middle Eastern giants, nor does it produce massive volumes of crude oil. In fact, Portugal’s domestic oil production is, quite frankly, negligible.…

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Introduction – China’s Oil Market: A Quantitative Overview China isn’t just the world’s factory—it’s also a powerhouse in global oil exports. In 2025, China’s oil industry continues to evolve rapidly, driven by both domestic production growth and strategic export policies. With over 212 million metric tons of crude oil output in 2024 and an…