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Here are standard specifications for wheat grains, commonly used in grain trading, milling, and export contracts. These apply broadly, with slight variations depending on country and end use (bread wheat, feed wheat, durum, etc.).

Wheat Grain Specifications

1. General Description

• Product: Wheat grain (Triticum aestivum or Triticum durum
• Type:
  • Hard wheat (bread-making)
  • Soft wheat (pastry/biscuits)
  • Durum wheat (pasta)
• Color: Amber to light brown (varies by type)
• Odor: Fresh, natural (no musty, sour, or chemical smell)
• Condition: Clean, sound, and fit for human consumption

2. Physical Quality Parameters

ParameterSpecification

Moisture Content

Max 12.5% – 14.5%

Foreign Matter

Max 1.0% – 2.0%

Broken/Shrunken Kernels

Max 3.0% – 5.0%

Damaged Kernels

Max 2.0% – 5.0%

Heat-Damaged Kernels

Max 0.5%

Test Weight

Min 72–80 kg/hl

Other Grains

Max 2.0%

3. Functional / Milling Quality (Key for Bread Wheat)

ParameterTypical Range

Protein Content

10% – 14% (depending on class)

Wet Gluten

22% – 32%

Gluten Strength

Good to strong

Falling Number

Min 250 seconds (indicates low sprouting)

4. Purity & Cleanliness

• Free from:
  • Live insects
  • Rodent contamination
  • Moldy or rotten grains
• Minimal presence of:
  • Weed seeds
  • Ergot or toxic seeds
• Uniform grain size preferred

5. Chemical / Safety Limits

ParameterLimit

Aflatoxin

Max 10 ppb

Mycotoxins (e.g., DON)

Within regulatory limits

Pesticide Residues

Within permissible levels

Heavy Metals

Within safe limits

6. Grading (Typical Example)

GradeMoistureTest WeightDamaged Kernels

Grade 1

≤12.5%

≥78 kg/hl

≤2.0%

Grade 2

≤13.5%

≥75 kg/hl

≤4.0%

Grade 3

≤14.5%

≥72 kg/hl

≤5.0%

7. Packaging

• Bulk shipment or bagged (typically 25 kg or 50 kg bags)
• Bags must be:
  • Clean and dry
  • Properly sealed and labeled
  • Marked with origin, grade, and crop year

8. Storage Conditions

• Store in dry, well-ventilated silos or warehouses
• Protect from:
  • Moisture and humidity
  • Insect infestation
• Use pallets; avoid direct contact with the floor

9. Uses

• Milling into flour (bread, cakes, biscuits)
• Pasta production (durum wheat)
• Animal feed (lower grades)
• Industrial uses (starch, ethanol)

10. Standards & Compliance

• Must comply with:
  • National grain grading standards
  • Phytosanitary regulations
  • Food safety standards (e.g., Codex Alimentarius)